Women Rights and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar-
Dr.Babasahed Ambedkar Indian great national leader, social reformer and Architecture of Indian Constitution, has gained increasing recognition in academic and Political circles. Dr. Ambedkar's vision towards the process of empowerment of women was very wide, depthful and based on the principle of equality. He worked for women rights by making various provisions in the constitution. The principal of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution in its Preamble. The constitution not only grants equality of women but also empowers the state to adopt measures of positive discrimination in the favour of women. Hindu Code Bill, which would have proved to be major provision for women rights of fought not only for dalits but also for all women of India
Women Rights and Dr. Babasahed
Ambedkar:-
Dr.Babasahed Ambedkar believed that Socio-Cultural
forces artificially construct gender relations, especially by Manusmiti and
Hindu religion .He attacked Manusmiti as a major source Which legitimizes the
denial of freedom, self-respect, right to education, property etc to woman by
attributing a very lofty idea to them .He observes in the law book of Manu that
the killing of the women is like the drinking in liquor, a minor offence. Dr. Ambedkar
tries to show now the gender relation and differences are contracted by Hindu
Brahminical order, Which condition women to conform a stereotype feminine behavior
,requiring them to be passive and submissive ,suited only to life of domestic
and family responsibilities. Ambedkar cited evidences of higher status of woman
in the Pre-Manu days. He also suggested strategies for emancipation from
oppression .He found their emancipation in Buddhist values, which promotes
equality, self-respect and education. Ambedkar believes that Buddha treated
woman with respect and love, never tried to degrade them like Manu did. Dr. Ambedkar
saw woman as the victim of oppressive, caste based and rigid hierarchical
social system.
1. When he was in Colombia
University, he wrote to a friend on the need to education the depressed
classes, especially the woman folk. To quote him “We shall see better days soon
and our progress will be greatly accelerated if male education is pursued side
by side with female education. (Mathew,1991: 74)
2.The Historic Mahad Satyagraha
witnessed participated 300women along with male counter parts. Addressing another
meeting Ambedkar said “I measure the progress of community by the degree of progress which woman had achieved .Let
every girl who marries stand by husband claim to be her husband’s friend and
equal, and refuse to be his slave” I am sure if you follow this advice, you
will bring honor and glory to yourselves .
3.
In January 1928, a woman’s
association was founded in Bombay with Rambai, Ambedkar wife his as its
President along with the depressed classes conferences in Nagpur 1930.women
also had their separate conference.
4. Dr.Ambedkae also raised the
women issue as member of Bombay Legislative council Assembly on 10th
November 1930 He strongly advocated family Planning measures and said that
besides many other problems giving birth too many children negatively affected
mother’s health..
5. In the Kalaram Temple Entry
Satyagraha at Nasik 1930 five hundred women participated and many of them were
arrested along with men and ill treated in the Jail.
6. The all India Depressed Classes
Woman’s Conference held at Nagpur on 20th July 1940 Dr.Ambedkar emphasized
that there could not progress without women. He spoke “ I know what can do to
improve the condition of society if the convinced, In the eradication of social
evil they have rendered great services(B.Das (Ed)Thus spoke Ambedkar Voll.11
P.195 )
7. On 20th July 1942
The All Dalit Mahila conference was organized and 25000 woman attended. Ambedkar
was highly pleased with the awaking and activities of woman.
Indian constitution and
Women Rights:-
Since Ambedkar was well convicted about the status of
women, as the Chairman of Drafting Committee, he tried to an adequate inclusion
of woman’s right in the political vocabulary and constitution of India. Ambedkar
thought are reflected in the Indian constitution and other act enacted by the
Indian Parliament, specifically in part III and Part IV of the Constitution. Dr.Ambedkar
has architect of the Indian Constitution, worked for empowered of woman through
Constitutional provisions. The Indian Constitution is one of the most
progressive constitutions of world, and guarantees equal right for men as well
as women. It reflected a substantive understanding of the practical dimensions
of freedom and equality for the woman. The Constitution of India guarantees to
all Indian woman.
Article No Guarantee
1.
Article-14 :-
Equality before law
2.
Article-15 (1) :- No
discrimination by the state on the ground only of religion, race, sex, place of birth any of these
3.
Article- 15 (3) :- special provisions
to be made by the state in favour of woman and children
4.
Article 16:- Equality of opportunity for all
citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the
state.
5.
Article 39 (a):- state policy
to be directed to securing for man and woman equally, the right to an adequate means of
livelihood.
6.
Article 42:- Provisions to be made by the state
for securing just and for maternity relief.
7.
Article 51(a) (e):- To promote
harmony and to renounce practices of derogatory to the dignity of women.
As the chairman of the
drafting committee played major role while making provision in favour of women,
so as the achieve social, Political and economical empowerment by woman.
Hindu Code Bill and Women Rights:-
Dr.Ambedkar’s Defense for woman as the Law Minister of
free India appeared in the form of the Hindu Code Bill in Parliament on 11th
April 1947, which invited strong opposition from the Hindu orthodoxy in post-
independent India. The Bill provided for several basic right women. It provided
for restitution of conjugal right and judicial separation. It attempted to
unify the Hindu code in tune with progressive and modern though (Mathew, 1997-73&74
Ahir 1990)
In 1948 when the Hindu
Code Bill was introduced in the parliament and debate on the floor of the
house, the opposition was strong against the Bill. Ambedkar tried his level
best to defend the Bill by pointing out the drawback of Indian society and
arguing that the idea in the Bill are based on the constitutional principles of
equality, liberty and fraternity and that in the Indian characterized by the
caste system and oppression of woman. Since women are deprived of equality, a
legal frame work is necessary for a social change in which women have equal
right with men. Therefore, on the eve of the first elections in 1951 Prime
Minister Pandit Nehru dropped the Bill by saying that there was too much opposition,
on this issue, the then law Minister Dr.Ambedkar resigned. Dr.Ambedkar in his
resignation speech clarified “The Hindu Code Bill was the present social reform
measure under taken by the Legislature in the past or likely to be passed in
the future, can be compared to it in point of its significant.
To leave inequality between class, sex and sex, which is the soul of
Hindu society untouched and to go on passing legislation relating to economic
problem is to make a farce of our constitution and to build on a dung heap” (Vasant
moon (Ed) Dr.Ambedkar writings and speeches,vol – 11 PP- 166-67)
Conclusion:-
The Present situation women of India entered every field
of career. They played important role of various sector of society as well as
politics. Changing the status of the women present situation because
contribution of Dr. Ambedkar in Constitution committee and creating the Hindu
Code Bill. He was also opposed the law of the Manismiti and evil Hindu
tradition because it subordinates and enslaves of women. Dr. Ambedkar has the
major contribution of empowerment of women. He got rich place as a chairman of
Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution for the discriminated, Deprived and
downtrodden section. Dr. Ambedkar is not a hero of Dalit but also made sincere
effect about states of women especially by comprehensive Hindu Code Bill for
providing better opportunity, equality, self-respect, dignity of women. He has
made efforts to educate the deprived section people as well as included women.
Education is the powerful weapon of the women empowerment. Only when a woman is
educated, she can understand the real importance of social and political
empowerment so he was attention and focus on women education.He thus believes
that any social transformation of incomplete without women Rights. The writings
and speeches of Dr. Ambedkar show what values India should development and how
they would modernize its social and political institution. Dr.Ambedkar accorded
equal status to women and men in every sphere and he also warmed the women
against the misuse of their right. Therefore, it would appropriate to name
Dr.Ambedkar as one of the saviors of Indian women. His contribution is unique
and cherishable by the women of India.
Reference:-
1) The Constitution of India- Government of India,Ministry of Law and
Justic, 2008
2) Dr.B.R.Ambedkar - Riddles of Hindu women: Dr.B.R.Ambedkar writing
and speeches Vol.3 Government of Maharashtra Publication.
3) Dr.B.R.Ambedkar-Dr.B.R.Ambedkar writing and speeches Vol.- 1
Government of Maharashtra Publication.
4) Arehana Chaturvedhi- A Constitutional History of India.Comman Wealty
Publication, 2006
5) Ahir D.C.- The Legacy of Ambedkar,New Delhi,1990
6) Vasant Moon(Ed)- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar writing and speeches Vol.- 11
Government of Maharashtra Publication.
7) Mathew Thomas – Ambedkar Reform or Revolution, Segment Book, New
Delhi 1991
8) Shiv Gajarani & S.Ram -
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 2009
9) Vasant Moon- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, National Book Trust India
10) Khermode Chandev – Dr. Ambedkar and Hindu Code Bill
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